Correction to: Functional outcomes in adult patients with herpes simplex encephalitis admitted to the ICU: a multicenter cohort study.

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Functional outcomes in adult patients with herpes simplex encephalitis admitted to the ICU: a multicenter cohort study.

PURPOSE: We aimed to study the association of body temperature and other admission factors with outcomes of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) adult patients requiring ICU admission. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective multicenter study on patients diagnosed with HSE in 47 ICUs in France, between 2007 and 2017. Fever was defined as a body temperature higher or equal to 38.3 °C. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with poor outcome at 90 days, defined by a score of 3-6 (indicating moderate-to-severe disability or death) on the modified Rankin scale. RESULTS: Overall, 259 patients with a score on the Glasgow coma scale of 9 (6-12) and a body temperature of 38.7 (38.1-39.2) °C at admission were studied. At 90 days, 185 (71%) patients had a poor outcome, including 44 (17%) deaths. After adjusting for age, fever (OR = 2.21; 95% CI 1.18-4.16), mechanical ventilation (OR = 2.21; 95% CI 1.21-4.03), and MRI brain lesions > 3 lobes (OR = 3.04; 95% CI 1.35-6.81) were independently associated with poor outcome. By contrast, a direct ICU admission, as compared to initial admission to the hospital wards (i.e., indirect ICU admission), was protective (OR = 0.52; 95% CI 0.28-0.95). Sensitivity analyses performed after adjustment for functional status before admission and reason for ICU admission yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS: In HSE adult patients requiring ICU admission, several admission factors are associated with an increased risk of poor functional outcome. The identification of potentially modifiable factors, namely, elevated admission body temperature and indirect ICU admission, provides an opportunity for testing further intervention strategies.

Severe atypical pneumonia in critically ill patients: a retrospective multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: Chlamydophila pneumoniae (CP) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) patients could require intensive care unit (ICU) admission for acute respiratory failure. METHODS: Adults admitted between 2000 and 2015 to 20 French ICUs with proven atypical pneumonia were retrospectively described. Patients with MP were compared to Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) pneumonia patients admitted to ICUs. RESULTS: A total of 104 patients were included, 71 men and 33 women, with a median age of 56 [44-67] years. MP was the causative agent for 76 (73%) patients and CP for 28 (27%) patients. Co-infection was documented for 18 patients (viruses for 8 [47%] patients). Median number of involved quadrants on chest X-ray was 2 [1-4], with alveolar opacities (n = 61, 75%), interstitial opacities (n = 32, 40%). Extra-pulmonary manifestations were present in 34 (33%) patients. Mechanical ventilation was required for 75 (72%) patients and vasopressors for 41 (39%) patients. ICU length of stay was 16.5 [9.5-30.5] days, and 11 (11%) patients died in the ICU. Compared with SP patients, MP patients had more extensive interstitial pneumonia, fewer pleural effusion, and a lower mortality rate [6 (8%) vs. 17 (22%), p = 0.013]. According MCA analysis, some characteristics at admission could discriminate MP and SP. MP was more often associated with hemolytic anemia, abdominal manifestations, and extensive chest radiograph abnormalities. SP-P was associated with shock, confusion, focal crackles, and focal consolidation. CONCLUSION: In this descriptive study of atypical bacterial pneumonia requiring ICU admission, mortality was 11%. The comparison with SP pneumonia identified clinical, laboratory, and radiographic features that may suggest MP or CP pneumonia.

[Necrotizing pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus producing Panton-Valentine toxin]. / Pneumonie nécrosante à Staphylococcus aureus secréteur de la toxine de panton valentine.

BACKGROUND: Necrotizing pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus producing Panton Valentine Leukocidine (PVL) has been described recently and is associated with a high mortality (75%). OBSERVATION: We report a case of pneumonia due to PV secreting Staphylococcus aureus in a healthy young adult, complicated by multiple necrotizing lung lesions and major cystic changes, with a favourable final outcome. Acute respiratory failure with haemodynamic failure and ARDS developed a few days after an influenza-like illness. The appearances at fibreoptic bronchoscopy were atypical, consisting of a purulent, necrotic tracheo- bronchitis with desquamation. The initial unfavourable progress despite broad spectrum antibiotic therapy and, finally, the identification of PV leukotoxin in blood cultures and tracheal aspirate, led to the diagnosis. During the clinical course there were repeated pneumothoraces (8 drains) due to multiple bilateral cystic lesions. Ultimately progress was favourable following treatment with antibiotics (flucloxacillin and clindamycin) and steroids. CONCLUSION: It is important to consider pulmonary complications of the Panton-Valentine leukotoxin in a healthy young adult who presents with necrotizing pneumonia and an unfavourable outcome in spite of broad spectrum antibiotics. Treatment is difficult on account of the extent of the necrotizing lesions and the need to use antibiotics effective against both the bacterium and its toxin.